Sometimes a smooth, clear complexion seems like a dream in a world where uneven skin tone, dark spots and patches are so common. Otherwise known as Hyperpigmentation this is a frustrating skin condition which affects more of us than not, so understanding what it is and how to treat it effectively can make all the difference. In this blog we will be exploring everything you need to know about Hyperpigmentation and how you can treat it effectively.
What is Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation is a common skin concern that affects many people of all skin types and tones. It refers to areas of the skin that become darker than the surrounding skin due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. This overproduction can be triggered by a number of factors including sun exposure, hormonal changes, inflammation, or injury to the skin.
What are the different types of Hyperpigmentation?
Sunspots
These are flat, brown spots that appear on sun-exposed areas such as the face, hands and decollete and tend to increase with age.
Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
Especially common in darker skin tones, Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) occurs after skin has been injured or inflamed such as from acne, eczema, or a cut.
Melasma
Often referred to as the ‘mask of pregnancy’ melasma causes brown or grey patches that are typically flat and fairly symmetrically distributed.
What are the common causes of Hyperpigmentation?
Sun exposure
This is the leading cause of hyperpigmentation. UV rays stimulate melanin production as the body’s way of protecting the deeper layers of skin from damage and prolonged or unprotected exposure to these rays can trigger an erratic increase in melanin production causing sun-induced hyperpigmentation.
Age
As we age melanocytes decrease in number but become larger and more active resulting in uneven melanin production. This can create patchy or mottled pigmentation especially in sun-exposed areas like the face and hands.
Injury or inflammation of the skin
When the skin is injured through acne, cuts, burns or irritation it responds with inflammation. This activates melanocytes (the pigment-producing cells) to produce more melanin as part of the healing process.
Hormonal changes
During hormonal changes including pregnancy or menopause oestrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate and these hormones influence melanocytes ramping up their activity and the production of melanin.
How to treat Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation can take time to fade but with patience and the right routine you will see results. These are the best steps to adopt:
Include brightening and complexion evening ingredients in your skincare routine.
Vitamin C – Antioxidant, brightens and evens skin tone.
Niacinamide – reduces inflammation and pigment production.
Liquorice Extract – helps skin appear brighter and more even.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids - These acids exfoliate the skin, promoting cell turnover and fading hyperpigmentation.
Tetrapeptide- 2 – biomimetic antioxidant peptide that helps to even skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots.
Artichoke Extract – guards the skin against photo-induced ageing.
Glycogen – reduces the appearance of an uneven skin tone and leaves skin with prolonged hydration.
Sea Fennel – a natural retinol alternative that helps to visibly energise a dull and tired complexion.
Golden Turmeric – inhibits melanin production and has anti-inflammatory benefits.
Have a professional Chemical Peel
Made of naturally derived glycolic, lactic and Mandelic acid. Gatineau’s Refine and Smooth Facial uses a 10% strength AHA’s to exfoliate and effectively remove dead skin cells while improving overall skin texture and reducing discolouration.
Wear an SPF
A non-negotiable, apply a minimum of SPF 30 every day and avoid exposure to the sun.
Keep your skin hydrated.
Hydration supports a healthy skin barrier and helps prevent irritation and damage that can cause hyperpigmentation. It can also help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness, which can sometimes contribute to the appearance of dark spots.
Lucy x
